“If there are no robots in your hospital, then I don’t want to go there”
"Older people would like to be in the familiar
"A lot of people use speech technology to find out what the weather is like in Moscow, for example.Let's say I set a reminder for my dad to take a pill at five o'clock, but he doesn't like the voice of assistants like Alexa or Siri.Then I can turn to one of the companies, for example, Lyrebird, where they will allow me totalk to the computer for just two minutesand recordAfter that, any text for the father will beThat is, now at five o'clock my father will beWe think it's fantastically right because a familiar voice doesThe process is much more humane.
One of the main problems of old age isthat people forget to drink water on time, which means they lose moisture. Therefore, we made a patch that measures the level of saturation with water. This, of course, is good, but not enough - because at the age of 85 I can forget what to drink, or not understand what the plaster is saying to me. But I watch TV quite actively, so every three hours it is he who should tell me that it is time to go drink some water. This approach has already been implemented.
- Hospitals in Japan are well-robotic. In your opinion, does this not make the hospital an even sadder place than it really is?
It's the only country on the planet where people are willing to die in a hospital.Because Japan is the most robotic country on the planet.There, in the hospital, the RIBO robot nurse can pull me out of bed, take me to the bathroom, and put me in a wheelchair.It's absolutely amazing because there are two little doctors and two nurses to take care of me.
I do not want to die alone. Technology can improve people's lives, and robots can become more human. And if there are no robots in your hospital, then I don’t want to go there, because there I will die on my own, right?
Cohen Kas, futurologist
RIBO Robot (Robot for Interactive Body Assistance, "Robot for Interactive Human Assistance")developed in Japan at the Institute of Physics andchemical research together with Tokai Rubber Industries. Made in the shape of a polar bear, which can lift a patient weighing up to 60 kg from a wheelchair and put him in bed. Equipped with tactile sensors to prevent excessive force, which could cause pain in patients. Wheels allow you to move in any direction. The robot is equipped with an intelligent system for recognizing patients’ faces and voices and can perform voice commands.
- You gave a lot of examples of innovative gadgets. Do you have any fears that they will increase the number of oncological diseases?
- Most of these days have cars, in themthere are airbags. When people started developing airbags, they were not perfect either. Of the 100 cars, for example, five pillows did not work and there were accidents. There are positive and negative things in any technology. And so technology needs to get better. Then we will not have fear and anxiety, and this will give a good marker for health!
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- Deciphering the genome will help defeat cancer?
— There are two important topics in oncology now.The first is that we better understand why our immune system failed to recognize tumors in the past. There is an opportunity to re-educate the immune system to do this. And we create a medicine by removing immune cells from the body and then returning them back, teaching them to “fight.” The main problem is that we do not yet have a good enough tool to understand what consequences this therapy will bring in the future.
We also need to make profiles of ourpatients: get as many genomic transcripts and protein data as possible in order to understand how the tumors respond to our actions. For this reason, we have a huge field of immune oncology. We still need to develop some sensors that will allow these technologies to really realize their capabilities.
A doctor using technology will be the best
- Does the patient’s personal contact with the doctor really need now?
- Yes, this is the next step.There is a hospital in St. Louis, Missouri - from the outside it looks normal. But there is not a single patient or bed inside. All patients are monitored by doctors and nurses, but physically remain at home. The absolutely amazing thing is that it’s not just technology, but the level of trust. The hospital is built for doctors because they are still deciding whether I can stay at home or not.
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In Belgium, if you go to the doctor, he willConstantly typing something on the computer, but he doesn’t look at the patient at all. What I do is I use a column of sorts that when I talk to a patient, it records the conversation and automatically sends the information to the medical record. Which doctor do you like best? One that uses technology to become a better doctor, of course.
- And can virtual objects be useful in reality?
- Imagine that you need to meet with the doctor in person, but right now this is not possible. You can use the virtual image of a doctor and talk with him as if with a real person.
This is also important in order to getimmediate advice on how to stay healthy. There is such a movie “City of Heroes” - there is such a virtual doctor in a small box, but can turn into a large inflatable man. And he knows everything about his patients.
"Doctors taught to be gods"
- Why are technologies so slowly introduced into the real healthcare system, not only in Russia, but around the world?
— There are two key reasons here:the first is the level of trust, doctors still need to decide what is best for patients, and the second is that doctors have been taught to be gods. You thought you knew everything better than anyone, and suddenly something comes along that can do it better.
Therefore, initially a large number of technologiesthat have been introduced into healthcare do not work. The community needs to test them first, to make sure that the doctors, nurses and the hospital itself can say: “Yes, this is what we really need.”
- What needs to be done with the health care system in order not to get sick and, relatively speaking, live forever?
- When I say that we need to build a world inwhich people will no longer be sick, I do not mean that we will live forever. Death is the best invention. She helps us to strive for something. Imagine that we would live forever. We would endlessly put things off and never do them in the end. But even if we do not hope for immortality, we need to fight to stay healthy.
- Then what is the new concept of healthcare?
- This is the concept of pleasure. People don't associate health and healthcare with pleasure, they tend to say, "Oh my god, ugh, ugh, ugh, I want to get out of the hospital as quickly as possible."
So, I am the hospital and I am telling you that you don’t need to come to me, you can stay at home. Or imagine that I am the doctor who says, “I will keep you healthy.” Nice, right?
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Sometimes this is not due to technology at all, but tosimple things. For example, we tell children who need IVs that we are giving them superpower. We call the MRI machine a pirate ship, and then it’s not so scary anymore. We tell the guys that they are pirates who shoot cannons. The kids are just crazy about it.
We have a patient who is 85 years old, Achilles. To give pleasure, we deliver him to the hospital by car, and when he gets into the waiting room, a musical group plays for him. He has a dog, and he can bring it with him to the hospital. When they will make a dropper, we will allow him to use a mobile phone and so on.
This is the hospital you will like and canprovide pleasure. That's why you need to hire a person who will monitor this. It may not even be necessary to hire: I think patient satisfaction can be ensured with the help of modern technology.
- What else can the introduction of digital technologies in medicine give, in addition to things that have already become familiar?
- Development of digital technologies in the fieldHealth care will allow, first of all, to realize two things: remove the constant friction between the doctor and the patient and create a new experience for the latter. This will contribute to the mental comfort of a person and reduce the negative burden on his body.
“The most important gift from parents is the genetic code”
- What tools can change the quality of medical services?
— I will talk about three digital “guardian angels” who will change the healthcare system for the better.
The greatest gift you'll ever givereceived from your mom and your dad - the genetic code, approximately 3 billion different DNA characters. A special device can sequence your genome in three hours. And with the help of the program, find out, for example, how many factors a person has that indicate potential heart problems. Then the patient understands that if he takes medications, carries out timely diagnostics, and implants a defibrillator, he can prolong his life and maintain its quality.
First of all, we get from our parentshealth. By the way, you know what are the two best indicators of life expectancy? This is the age at which your parents will die, and your social status. That is, the environment plus your heredity - and you can predict the age at which you die.
The second “angel” are the instruments,analyzing our current state. Let's say there is a gadget that you can press your finger on, and within 10 seconds it will conduct a complete analysis of the state of the cardiovascular system. If something goes wrong, the information is sent to the cardiologist. Of course, only the patient decides what information to share.
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But if people trust, doctors cancreate larger and more voluminous patient records, constantly have more information than if you simply asked how they were feeling. You need to combine biomarkers, sensor data and all sorts of other components to create a digital twin of a person who will know a variety of things that may be inaccessible to you, but known to your virtual doctor.
And the third “angel” is digital experience.I can take a photo of a menu in a restaurant, the algorithm will recognize the ingredients and, based on my biological profile, will give me recommendations on what not to eat or what is ideal for my diet. If, for example, you want to walk your dog, and somewhere there are plants that cause allergies, you will receive a corresponding warning that you should not be there.
- What is the most important thing in the new digital life and what is the main problem you see in it?
— The most important thing in our life is trust. If you trust me, then we can change the whole world. To do and achieve what we want. Trust is what makes innovation happen.
The main problem is loneliness, especially forpeople who are now 20 years of age or older. We are in an era where we constantly look at our phones and interact only with them, use social networks in order to find out what is happening.
See also:
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- AI can predict the presence of COVID-19 without any tests. And very accurate!
— Neandarthals were smart and knew what exactly to make tools from