A group of Japanese researchers from the National Institute of Quantum Science and Technology and the National
A “break” is an abrupt cessation of magneticcontainment of high-temperature plasma in the event of instabilities inside it. This is a serious problem for fusion reactors. Destruction causes high-temperature plasma to enter the inner surface of the area in which it is contained, which leads to damage to the reactor structure.
As a countermeasure, scientists are exploring methodsforced cooling of the plasma when signs of instability are detected. Using theoretical models and experimental measurements, physicists have reconstructed the dynamics of a dense plasmoid that forms around an ice granule. They identified the physical mechanisms that affect cooling systems.
As a basic strategy, scientists useice pellets of hydrogen frozen at temperatures below 10 K and injected into high temperature plasma. The added ice melts from the surface, evaporates and ionizes by heating the surrounding high-temperature plasma, forming a layer of low-temperature, high-density plasma around the ice.
Plasma cooling with pure hydrogen (center) and a neon-filled capsule. Image: National Institute for Fusion Science
Such a low-temperature plasmoid of highdensity mixes with the main plasma, the temperature of which decreases. But using pure hydrogen ice throws the plasmoid out of the beam before it can mix with the target plasma, making it ineffective for cooling high-temperature plasmas deeper below the surface.
In a study of physics, they found thatusing neon-doped hydrogen suppressed the release of the plasmoid. In addition, experiments have confirmed that neon plays a useful role in the efficient cooling of the plasma.
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