Scientists from the University of California at Los Angeles, based on analysis of satellite data, discovered
In their work, the researchers used observations ofa shower of electrons from near-Earth orbit using the ELFIN nanosatellites, specially designed to observe particle streams. The data from these satellites were combined with observations from the THEMIS (NASA project for the study of the magnetosphere) space project.
The near-Earth space environment is very dynamic andfilled with charged particles rotating around the planet in the form of giant rings called radiation belts, the researchers note. Electrons in radiation belts move in a spiral between the Earth's north and south magnetic poles.
Scientists have found that under certain conditions inRadiation belts can generate electromagnetic oscillations called whistlers that excite and accelerate electrons so strongly that they can be ejected into the atmosphere, creating electron rain.
Current space weather models do not take into accountthis additional flow of electrons, the study authors note. But not only does it create beautiful auroras, it can damage low-orbiting satellites and affect the chemical composition of the atmosphere.
The research team also showed that the fall of electrons from the radiation belt to the earth increases significantly during geomagnetic waves.
"Accounting for the influence of the fall of electrons on the atmosphereis important not only for ground-based modeling, but also for understanding the Earth's magnetic environment, predicting hazards for satellites, astronauts and other space infrastructure, ”the scientists note.
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