Scientists have studied the brightest cluster of galaxies, where 250 suns are born a year

Galaxy clusters are made up of thousands of galaxies bound together by gravity. These largest gravity-bound

structures are crucial for studying the formation of large-scale structures and the evolution of the Universe.

BCGs are typically the brightest clusters in galaxy clusters. 

At a redshift of approximately 0.35 MACS 1931.8-2635 (M1931 for short) is a massive, X-ray luminous cluster of galaxies with a cool core. Its BCG has a stellar mass of about 590 billion solar masses, and its star formation rate (SFR) is estimated to be high. On average, each year, the cluster adds as much stellar mass as 250 suns weigh.

Previous studies have shown that M1931 -one of the coldest X-ray emitting nuclei ever found. BCG also has the largest known cold gas reservoir at the core of the cluster. The mass is equivalent to 19 billion solar masses.

To better understand the nature and evolution of this BCG, a team of astronomers conducted multi-wavelength observations of this galaxy using the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) VLT and ALMA.

During the study, sources were identifiedionization in various regions of M1931 BCG. It is estimated that about 80% of the cluster's stellar mass was formed more than 6 billion years ago. The metallicity of the intracluster medium (ICM) of M1931 was found to be consistent with the gas phase metallicity measured in the interstellar medium (ISM) of BCG. This discovery suggests that the warm gas observed in the galaxy's ISM condensed from the ICM.

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Cosmological (metagalactic) reddisplacement - observed for all distant sources (galaxies, quasars) decrease in radiation frequencies, explained as the dynamic distance of these sources from each other and, in particular, from our Galaxy, that is, as nonstationarity (expansion) of the Metagalaxy.

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