According to the theory of planet formation, they grow together from a disk of dust and gas that orbits around
The material in chondrites is extremely old, itis the remnants of dust and debris left over from the very early solar system. Other evidence comes from rocks from the Earth and the Moon, as well as samples of cosmic dust and cometary material collected by the Stardust mission and other space probes.
Researchers can roughly determine where and when these meteorites formed by measuring the isotope ratios of elements such as oxygen, titanium and chromium.
Previous work of scientists showed that in terms of compositionmeteorites are divided into two large groups. It is believed that carbonaceous meteorites originated outside the solar system. Non-carbon meteorites were formed from a disk closer to the Sun, where carbon and other volatiles were sintered.
Part of the Allende meteorite from Mexico. This type of meteorite is composed of many smaller particles, or chondrules. They are the oldest material in the solar system. A new analysis of the Allende meteorite shows that material close to the Sun mixed with material from the outer solar system when the planets formed. Credit: Qing-chu Yin, University of California, Davis
Why was there no more stirring if allplanets formed from a single protoplanetary disk? The explanation is that as Jupiter formed, it ripped open the disk, creating a barrier to the movement of dust. Astronomers using the ALMA radio telescope in Chile have observed the same phenomenon in protoplanetary disks around other stars.
However, some meteorites seem to be the exception to this general rule.
Researcher at the University of CaliforniaDavis Curtis Williams and a team of scientists conducted a detailed study of the isotopes of 30 meteorites. They then studied individual chondrules of two chondritic meteorites—the Allende meteorite, which fell in Mexico in 1969, and the Karunda meteorite, which fell in Australia in 1930.
It turned out that these meteorites contain chondrules likeinner and outer solar systems. Some material from the inner solar system must have managed to cross the Jupiter barrier to fuse with the chondrules of the outer solar system into a meteorite that will fall to Earth billions of years later.
According to Yin, the new research is helping to connect cosmochemistry, planetary science and astronomy to give a complete picture of planet formation.
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