We are talking about a system in which inside the galaxy there is a quasar, a star-like radio source with a black
Quasars are active galactic nucleiat the initial stage of development, in which a supermassive black hole absorbs surrounding matter, forming an accretion disk. It is the source of radiation, which is extremely powerful (sometimes tens and hundreds of times greater than the total power of all the stars in galaxies like ours) and has, in addition to the cosmological one, a gravitational redshift.
How does the "galaxy + quasar" system work?
Nascent galaxies rotate around quasars, and at their center are supermassiveblack holes.
Any object that falls under the gravity of a black hole begins to accelerate and becomes hotter and brighter. All matter around a black holeglowingto the limit. All this is accompanied by a glow and the release of energy from the particles of the objects that it absorbs.
Black hole and quasar
A quasar does not exist without a black hole; it feeds on the energy supplied to it by the gravitational forces of the hole. When it has absorbed everything it can and there is almost nothing left around, the quasarwill die... Usually it glows for several million years, then only a black hole remains.
Active galaxies and quasars produce muchmore energy than normal galaxies - which is why we can see them at such huge distances. In normal galaxies, almost all light is emitted by normal stars. In high energy, the total amount of emitted energy far exceeds the production of stars. Very detailed maps compiled by radio astronomers show that the vast majority of excess energy comes from the central regions.
Now many are sure that the kernelsenergetically active galaxies are home to giant black holes. Their masses are likely to range from several thousand to several billion solar masses. The Hubble Space Telescope has recorded eddies of matter orbiting black holes. Once a black hole has formed, it grows all the time due to the pulling in of matter from the surrounding regions. In giant galaxies like M87, the central black hole can devour the equivalent of several stars in a day.
The black hole and the surrounding disk constantlyare filled with new portions of matter. The central regions of galaxies are densely filled with stars. Very dense star clusters can replenish fuel supplies. It can be gas that escaped from the surface of normal stars during their evolution, or it can be debris from a very large number of supernova explosions. As the black hole grows larger, the growing strength of its gravitational field allows it to more easily grab stars and tear them to shreds.
Galaxy NGC 4319 and quasar Markarian 205
Is there a similar system in our universe?
Our galaxy revolves around a supermassive black hole. Her name -Sgr A *... Once it fed a quasar, but it went out at the stage of the Milky Way's birth.
A quasar appears only once, then a black holeexists without him. If the quasar still existed in the center of our galaxy, then life would not have been able to arise here due to the constant emissions of energy. But a quasar can be bornagainif the collision of the Milky Way and Andromeda in 4 billion years, the centers of the galaxies merge.
How is it that one galaxy can “fight” a quasar and its black hole?
Astronomers have discovered a distant galaxy thatmanaged to continue the formation of new stars, despite the presence of a destructive "cold quasar" raging in its core. The discovery was made with the SOFIA telescope, which was installed aboard a specially modified Boeing 747SP aircraft: it flew high above the clouds and could observe the infrared light emitted by a distant galaxy.
There must be a lot of new stars to formdust and cold gas can all be found in huge clouds in interstellar space. Over time, gravitational attraction and other catalysts cause the materials that make up these clouds to cluster together and eventually coalesce into fully formed stars and solar systems. However, supermassive black holes can disrupt this process and even stop it completely.
When material falls into a black hole and settles intoaccretion disk, it begins to rotate faster and glow incredibly brightly, releasing a huge amount of energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. When this happens on a large scale, the supermassive black hole becomes a quasar. At this stage of its life, the quasar will radiate enormous amounts of energy back into the galaxy, and the energy will in turn displace much of the cold star-forming material remaining in it. This usually causes it to stop producing new stars.
However, new research has shown that the galaxy CQ 4479, located about 5.25 billion light years from Earth, was able to withstand such a devastating influence.
The authors of the new study used datacollected by the Stratospheric Observatory Telescope (SOFIA). Mounted on a Boeing 747SP, the 2.7m telescope could observe a distant galaxy while avoiding 99% of Earth's atmosphere, which blocks infrared radiation.
It is noted that the found galaxy is capable ofgive birth to about 100 sun-sized stars per year. This discovery could explain how massive galaxies came to be, and will also force scientists to rethink all theories of their evolution.
This shows us that the growth of active black holes does not always stop the birth of stars. This goes against the current scientific knowledge of such systems.
Allison Kirkpatrick, assistant professor at the University of Kansas at Lawrence
What's the bottom line?
Further research is needed tohelp you find out if other galaxies go through a similar stage, during which both the black hole and the star grow. Research planned for 2021 will reveal how quasars are affected by their host galaxies.
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