A gravitational telescope will be able to see the oceans on distant exoplanets

Stanford scientists have shown how the Sun's gravity can be used to observe planets.

located outside of our system.Astrophysicists believe that the star's gravitational field increases the light coming from the exoplanet. In order to use a gravitational lens, it is necessary to place the telescope, our star and the exoplanet in line with the Sun in the middle. As the authors of the work note, unlike a magnifying glass, a gravitational lens has curved space-time, which makes it possible to display distant objects.

The researchers note that the new method allowsreconstruct the surface of the planet from a single image. By capturing a ring of light from an exoplanet distorted by solar gravity, an algorithm developed by physicist Alexander Madurovich can reconstruct the image back into a round planet.

An example of Earth reconstruction using a ring of light around the Sun projected by a gravitational lens. Image: A. Madurowicz, Stanford University

To obtain an image of similar clarity withusing conventional technology would require a telescope 20 times wider than Earth, the researchers note. And with the help of the Sun's gravitational lens, Hubble's power is enough to see objects on the surface of a distant exoplanet.

"The solar gravitational lens revealsa completely new window for observation,” says Alexander Madurovich, co-author of the study. “This will allow us to study the detailed dynamics of planetary atmospheres, as well as the distribution of clouds and surface features that we currently do not have the opportunity to study.”

Image: A. Madurowicz, Stanford University

Researchers note that currentlyThere is still a problem in creating a gravitational telescope - modern space travel does not provide the required flight range. To image an exoplanet through the Sun's gravitational lens, the telescope must be located at least 14 times farther from the Sun than Pluto. This is further than humans have ever sent a spaceship. Scientists believe that it will take at least 50 years to make a gravitational telescope a reality.

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