"Cannonball" - star PSR J0002+6216
The star PSR J0002+6216 is a pulsar discovered by an ordinary Internet user and
He is one of the fastest moving inthe interstellar medium of the known pulsars, having covered 53 light years from the place of its supernova, the CTB 1 nebula (Abell 85). With a speed of 1127 km / s, PSR J0002 + 6216 has a long tail that spans 13 light years. The pulsar is now 6500 light-years from Earth in the constellation Cassiopeia. The star rotates around its axis at a speed of 8.7 times per second.
Astronomers have discovered this pulsar rushingin space at a speed of almost 4.2 million kilometers per hour. This is so fast that it could cover the distance between the Earth and the Moon in just 6 minutes. The discovery was confirmed using the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and the National Science Foundation's VLA Very Large Array.
Shown here are the remnants of the supernova explosion CTB 1.Long exposure image, highlighting the visible light from hydrogen. These are expanding debris from a massive star that exploded about 10,000 years ago. A pulsar formed at the center of a collapsing star is moving so fast that it is completely out of its envelope. Source: Scott Rosen
Using Fermi data and technology,Called “pulsar synchronization,” the researchers were able to estimate how fast and in what direction the pulsar was moving along its line of sight.
The result confirms the idea that it was the supernova responsible for the CTB 1 explosion that occurred about 10,000 years ago that the pulsar was made so fast.
Pulsars - ultra-dense, rapidly rotatingneutron stars left after the explosion of a massive stellar object. This one, called PSR J0002 + 6216 (J0002 for short), has a radio-emitting tail pointing directly at the expanding debris of a recent supernova explosion.
Always “in red”— star RX J0806.4-4123
In September 2018, scientists first discovereda lone neutron star, the immediate environment of which emits only in the infrared range. This could mean that supernova remnants hit this neutron star, or that the pulsar wind interacts with the interstellar medium in an unusual way. In any case, a detailed study of the object will allow the study of a rare astronomical phenomenon. The results of the work were published in The Astrophysical Journal.
Stars with a core mass of up to three solar masses at the endof their evolution, they go through the supernova stage and turn into neutron stars - compact super-high-density objects. They rotate quickly and have a powerful magnetic field. The radiation of such bodies comes mainly from the magnetic poles, they are a kind of "cosmic beacons" - pulsars. Astronomers know seven nearby young neutron stars, which are X-ray pulsars, that is, bodies whose radiation in the X-ray range increases periodically. Scientists call them the "Magnificent Seven".
An artist's impression of a disk of matter around a neutron star. NASA, ESA, and N. Tr’Ehnl/Pennsylvania State University
In a new work, astrophysicists have studied in detailradiation of an extended object near one of the neutron stars of the Magnificent Seven - RX J0806.4-4123. The pulsar itself is very small by cosmic standards (its size is about 10 kilometers), but powerful gravity can control the matter around it, and the rapid movement due to a supernova explosion allows you to "rake" matter from the interstellar medium. The extended radiation source near RX J0806.4-4123 extends about 200 astronomical units, two and a half times beyond Pluto's orbit. Observations have shown that this large body shines only in the infrared range.
Snake Star - PSR J0002 + 6216
Eight thousand light years from Earth,just below the constellation Scorpio, there is a “cosmic snake” that hides a sting in its tail. In a twisting swirl of glowing dust, astronomers have discovered a binary star system unlike any other in the Milky Way.
These are a couple of rare, old and unstable stars onthe threshold of one of the most impressive events in the Universe - a supernova. And, when that happens, a team of scientists from the European Southern Observatory (ESO) in 2018 predicted that there is a greater likelihood of a gamma-ray burst.
Very Large Telescope (VLT) image of the star system Apop.
The system includes three stars around whichcosmic dust hovers. The system was named 2XMM J160050.7-514245, but later, for convenience, it was called "Apop". It has a curved shape. According to ancient Egyptian mythology, Apopis is a huge serpent that brings chaos with it.
It is reported that some objects that make up the stellar system may turn into Wolf-Rayet stars. They are hot and emit an increased amount of energy.
Apophis stellar winds evolve to 12 millionkilometers per hour. It was they who provoked the appearance of a vortex moving at a speed of less than two million kilometers per hour. The large difference in speeds, according to astronomers, is the reason why one of the stars emits multidirectional winds. This conclusion, in turn, prompted scientists to conclude that, due to the rapid rotation, the star is approaching the moment of explosion.
Older than the Universe - Star HD 140283
For over a hundred years, astronomers have been observing HD 140283 -a star from the constellation Libra, 190 light years distant from us. The celestial body moves at a speed of 1.3 million kilometers per hour, but more importantly, HD 140283 - or Methuselah - is the oldest known star in the universe.
In 2000, researchers determined the age of HD140283 with the help of "Hipparkos" - a satellite of the European Space Agency (ESA). The device found that the star appeared more than 16 billion years ago. This figure is incredible, since the age of the universe, according to Howard Bond, an astronomer at the University of Pennsylvania, is 13.8 billion years and is derived from the relict electromagnetic radiation. If we take the indicators of "Hipparcos" as true, the question arises - how can a star be older than the Universe?
Author: Digitized Sky Survey, STScI / AURA, Palomar / Caltech, UKSTU / AAO
Methuselah, after whom the star is named,according to the Book of Genesis was one of the forefathers of mankind and the ancestor of Noah. He is the oldest person mentioned in the Bible - Methuselah lived to be 969 years old, and conceived his son at the age of 187. The name has become a household name for a long-liver - "mafusial century".
The star of the same name is composed mainly of hydrogen.and helium, and also contains trace amounts of metals. Its composition tells us that the appearance of a cosmic body must have preceded the spread of iron. However, this research leads to a paradox - Methuselah is more than 2 billion years older than his environment! Of course, this is simply not possible.
Strangest Star - Tabby
In 2015, Tabetha Boyajian,a female astrophysicist at the University of Louisiana discovered the extremely unusual star KIC 8462852, often referred to simply as "Tabby's Star." This dwarf, located nearly 1,500 light-years away, exhibits strange behavior, with dramatic and unpredictable brightness variations.
One of the explanations related to the construction socalled the Dyson Sphere - a hypothetical alien astro-engineering structure - for the maximum possible use of the energy of the central luminary.
© Wikipedia
There is no pattern either in the period or in the degreethese changes cannot be found. They cannot be explained by the passage of planets, since the brightness falls too much, or even by the presence of an alien megastructure - the Dyson sphere - since the fall affects different regions of the spectrum in different ways. Therefore, the most promising are hypotheses linking the anomalous behavior of Tabby's star either with a violent transition to a new phase of stellar evolution, or with the presence of a mass of dust and debris around it.
For example, Brian Metzger fromColumbia University in New York suggested that KIC 8462852 in the past "ate" one of its planets, which gave rise to an outbreak and eventually led to the dimming of the star. However, this could not explain the repetitions in the blinking of KIC 8462852.
© Pearce et al., 2021
According to Metzger, the reason for the Star's behaviorTabby may be the moons of the planets she "eaten". “What happens in this system resembles the fate of a snowball that went to hell. Several million years ago, a star could destroy one or more of its planets and “steal” their moons. They ended up in the warm part of the star system, where they began to quickly evaporate, creating huge clouds of gas and dust, ”says the researcher.
The last theory is that enougha dense cloud containing matter and fragments of planets and planetesimals that have not yet formed or have already collapsed may arise under the influence of a neighboring star, the attraction of which disrupted the normal formation of the planetary system near KIC 8462852. Another one is indeed observed near the star, but the connection between them was successful demonstrate only recently. This work was done by Logan Pearce of the University of Arizona and his colleagues. Their article has been accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal and is already available in the arXiv online preprint library.
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