After 20 years, it was revealed how a marine bacterium creates a powerful anti-cancer molecule

Salinispora cultures produce salinosporamide A, a potent antitumor agent that

Currently undergoing phase III clinical trials. Salinispora is a genus of bacteria belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae. They are commonly found in marine sediments. 

Researchers at the Scripps Institution of OceanographyThe University of California at San Diego found that an enzyme called SALC triggers the activity of a powerful molecule called salinosporamide A, according to Scripps graduate student Katherine Bauman, lead author of the paper.

The new work solves a nearly 20-year-old mystery about how the marine bacterium salinispore creates a unique anti-cancer molecule and opens up the possibility for the production of new anti-cancer agents.

The big question was how many enzymesis responsible for folding the molecule into its active form: this is one or more. As a result of the action of this enzyme or several, the salinosporamide molecule can overcome the blood-brain barrier - this is a structure that protects the brain from the entry of unwanted substances. The molecule has a small but complex ring structure.

First, the authors determined the molecular structure of the SALC enzyme. They used an advanced light source and a powerful particle accelerator that generated X-rays.

The SALC enzyme is widely distributed in biology; is heinvolved in the production of fatty acids and antibiotics such as erythromycin in microbes. Researchers can now mutate the enzyme to develop forms that suppress different types of diseases.

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