For the first time in history, engineers and neuroscientists at Northwestern University, USA, have programmed
By using light to target genetically modified neurons, scientists are demonstrating exciting new ways to control very specific areas of the brain.This method of studying the work of nerve cells is known as optogenetics, which is based on the introduction of special channels into their membrane called opsins that respond to excitation by light.If the brain is exposed to light at a certain wavelength, then those neurons that haveSuch channels will be activated or, conversely, will not be able to generate action potentials.
For the expression of channels, genetic engineering methods are used, for the subsequent activation or inhibition of neurons and neural networks, lasers, optical fibers and other optical equipment are used.
The advantage of optogenetic methods overtraditional electrophysiological methods of studying nerve networks and influencing them consists in the possibility of highly selective activation or suppression of specific neuronal connections. This selectivity opens up new possibilities in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, depression, anxiety and epilepsy.
Scientists at Northwestern University have opened up new possibilities in this area by using a new implant for the first timeAccording to the researchers, this lays downA framework for understanding how relationships are formed in complex groups of people.
Slim, flexible, wireless implantdid not interfere with the mice in any way and allowed them to be observed in natural conditions. Previous research using optogenetics required fiber optic wires that restricted the movement of mice during social interactions or challenging environments.
The implant itself is tiny wirelessa device that rests gently on the outer surface of the skull, but under the skin and fur of a small animal. Its thickness is 0.5 mm. It connects to a thin flexible filament probe with LEDs at the end.
The miniature device uses near-field communication protocols, the same technology used in smartphones for electronic payments.Researchers control the light wirelessly in real time using a user interface on a computer.The antenna surrounding the animal enclosure supplies power to the wireless device, thereby eliminating the need for a bulky and heavy battery.
Scientists have developed an experiment to study an optogenetic approach to remote control of social interactions between pairs or groups of mice.
When the mice were physically close to each other in a confined environment, engineers and biologists wirelessly activated a specific set ofIt is associated with higher-order executive function.In this way, the researchers made the mice increase the frequency and duration of social interactions.Desynchronization of stimulation rapidly reduced social interactions in the same pair of mice.In group conditions, the researchers persuaded a randomly selected pair to interact.The scientists also made mice instantly communicate with each other on demand.
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