With the help of which the plasma torch will burn garbage
An electric current flows inside the plasmatron when it
The first such devices appeared in the mid-20th century, when materials resistant to high temperatures appeared, and the production of refractory metals increased.
With the help of a plasma torch, ultra-high temperatures up to 150,000 ° C can be obtained. On average, they get 10,000-30,000 ° C, unattainable when burning chemical fuels.
What are the types of plasmatrons
- Arc plasma torches
The plasma torch of the arc plasmatron has at least one anode and one cathode, to which a DC power supply is connected. For cooling, channels are used, usually washed with water.
- High-frequency plasmatrons
Such plasmatrons are electrodeless:they use inductive or capacitive coupling to a power source. Since in order for high-frequency power to pass through the walls of the discharge chamber, the latter must be made of non-conducting materials, quartz glass or ceramics are usually used in this case.
Since to maintain an electrodeless dischargeSince electrical contact of the plasma with the electrodes is not required, gas-dynamic insulation of the walls from the plasma jet is usually used. This way you can avoid excessive heating and cool the structure only with air.
- Microwave plasmatrons
Plasmatrons of this type are made on the basis of a microwave discharge, usually in a resonator through which a plasma-forming gas is blown.
How does the new technology for waste incineration with a plasma torch work?
Waste incineration technology to be tested in Russiaplasma: this is how they will try to dispose of especially hazardous waste. This was announced by Vladimir Koshlakov, General Director of the Keldysh Research Center, which is part of Roscosmos.
The center has developed plasmatrons and is now working on the creation of a special installation that will neutralize and dispose of aggressive household waste of increased danger.
Plasmatrons allow you to obtain gases, temperaturewhich ranges from four to five thousand degrees Celsius. They are typically used in the rocket industry, but can also be used in waste incineration.
In addition, combustion gasesit is proposed to use plasmatrons to rotate turbines. Typically, the plasmatron is used in the space industry to simulate the operation of rocket engines or the entry of spacecraft into the upper atmosphere.
What other unusual ways can you get rid of garbage?
- Bacteria that recycle paper or plastic
Research team led by BioengineeringOak Ridge Laboratory (ORNL) has grown a bacterium that effectively converts waste paper into itaconic acid. Scientists have used lignin, a waste product from biorefineries and paper mills, to grow the bacterium Pseudomonas putida, which will produce cheap itaconic acid. This substance can be converted into a chemical that burns better than gasoline.
In another work, scientists were able to improve a naturally occurring enzyme that is capable of degrading some of the most common polluting polymers.
The modified enzyme, designatedPETase begins to degrade this polymer within a few days. This could lead to a revolution in the recycling of plastic waste. This enzyme was originally discovered in Japan. It is a waste product of the bacterium Ideonella sakaiensis, which consumes PET polyethylene as its main source of energy.
- The neural network sorts the plastic
Even neural networks are involved in cleaning up the planet,Therefore, scientists from the Institute of Thermophysics (IT) of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences have created an installation that can determine plastic for sorting solid municipal waste with an accuracy of 95%.
When garbage is circulating along the belt, a pneumatic gripper robot determines the type of waste from the data received from the camera and puts it into the desired container.
According to scientists, neural networks are capable ofanalyze the distribution of flame glow intensity to determine the combustion modes of objects. The system is trainable - this means that it adapts to a specific morphological composition if a certain type of debris is driven through it.
- Food was turned into biofuel
Scientists from Skoltech and the Joint Institutehigh temperatures, the Russian Academy of Sciences used a new unique method of hydrothermal liquefaction, which is not only significantly more energy efficient compared to alternative approaches, but also allows all raw materials to be converted into biofuel with a minimum amount of waste.
This method also allows biofuels to be obtained directly from wet biomass, eliminating the energy-intensive stage of drying the feedstock.
To study the possibility of converting foodwaste in biofuels, scientists have studied the products of hydrothermal liquefaction of cheese (parmesan), meat (ham) and apples. The molecular composition of the resulting biofuel was analyzed by ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry.
The molecular composition of the resulting biofuel is very diverse and looks more like not ordinary oil, but wood pyrolysis products (tar).
- Beetle beetles digest plastic
Flour beetles - pests of grain products and foodfor farm animals - they were able to absorb polystyrene and not suffer from the toxins added to it. Polystyrene is extremely difficult to recycle, although it causes particular harm to nature due to the frequent addition of the fire retardant substance hexabromocyclododecane, which is toxic to people and animals.
Scientists were feeding fragments of polystyrene to the Khrushchaksin controlled laboratory conditions. Monitoring showed that the products of its digestion were excreted by 90 percent one day after eating and completely - after two days. About half of the absorbed mass of the polymer came out in tiny semi-decomposed fragments, the other half was assimilated by the body.
To read Further:
By 2100, 95% of the oceans will be uninhabitable
Look at the updated F-15 fighters: they carry 24 air-to-surface missiles
A spaceship several kilometers away: everything that is known about China's new project