Serious climate crises have led to the formation of stable forms of government. TO
In their work, scientists investigated the influenceclimatic shocks in Mesopotamia between 3100 and 1750 BC. Two scholars looked at these issues through an economic lens and adopted a game theory approach to the first detailed database on climate and institutional evolution for 44 of Mesopotamia's most important states.
Let us recall that game theory is a mathematical methodstudying optimal strategies in games. A game is a process in which two or more parties participate, fighting for the realization of their interests.
Severe and prolonged drought pushedland-owning elite to granting political and property rights to other segments of society—those people who had the skills and tools to prevent the damage caused by climate change. The elites did this to convince the non-elites that a significant portion of the harvest would be distributed to those in need. For their part, non-elites promoted institutional change by adopting a culture of cooperation. The goal is to convince the elites to cooperate in the future.
Three severe droughts seem to confirm theseassumptions. During the last stages of the urban revolution (3800–3300 BC), people coordinated efforts to build the first artificial canals. Then, during the Protodynastic period (3100–2550 BC), the Palatine military promoted cooperation among farmers, providing them with protection and resources for military conscription.
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