Why do people refuse to vaccinate
- Pharmacists' conspiracy theory
Anti-vaxxers believe that
- Denial of the effectiveness of vaccination
According to participants in the movement, vaccines do not work at all, or the positive effect of their use is minimal and certainly does not justify the risk of undesirable consequences.
- Denying the role of vaccination in reducing morbidity
The evidence that mass vaccination helps fight epidemics and pandemics is denied.
- Denial of the need for vaccination at present
It is argued that mass vaccination against all or most diseases is no longer relevant and infections do not occur as often.
- Emphasizing the negative effects of vaccination
The danger of post-vaccinationcomplications, reports of diseases possibly associated with vaccination are emphasized. Moreover, it is argued that medical statistics largely hide and distort real data on complications resulting from vaccination.
Side effects of vaccines
The WHO says severe or long-term side effects are extremely rare. The chance of experiencing a serious adverse reaction to the vaccine is 1 in a million."
Vaccines can cause mild side effects such as low-grade fever and pain or redness at the injection site. Such manifestations, as a rule, go away on their own within a few days.
Childhood vaccinations in generalsafe. Side effects, if any, are usually minor. The incidence of side effects depends on the vaccine in question. Some common side effects include fever, pain at the injection site, and muscle pain. In addition, some people may be allergic to vaccine ingredients.
Some countries, such as the UK,provide compensation for victims of serious adverse effects through the payment of compensation for vaccination damages. The United States has the National Children's Vaccine Act. At least 19 countries provide for such compensation.
- Violation of security measures
Vaccines are produced in mass quantities and if safety precautions are violated in production, an infection can enter the batch.
- Inappropriate vaccine administration
Problems can also arise at the stage of vaccine administration - due to the error of a health worker. For example, if the needle hits a blood vessel instead of a muscle, the effects of the vaccine may be different.
- Health features
During testing, the developers try toto select not only healthy volunteers, but also those who have chronic diseases, allergic reactions and other immune disorders. But it is simply impossible to take into account all the options.
Long-term effects of vaccination
The connection between vaccines and their consequences becomes more difficult to identify the more time passes and the less obvious the connection.
This is exactly what happened during the swine outbreak.influenza (subtype H1N1) in 2009. Then, as in the case of the current pandemic, the Pandemrix vaccine was registered in a special order. It was made quickly thanks to prototype technology: in the already tested vaccine against another flu, the strain was simply replaced without additional testing.
But within six months, people from different countries beganThere have been reports of cases of narcolepsy in vaccinated children. The disease was usually registered a month or two after the injection, but there were also cases when six months passed.
Narcolepsy is a disorder of the nervous systemrelated to hypersomnia, characterized by daytime bouts of irresistible drowsiness and bouts of sudden falling asleep, cataplexy attacks, that is, a sudden loss of muscle tone with clear consciousness.
By the World OrganizationA health care investigation showed that all patients had a genetic predisposition to the disease. At the same time, the experts concluded that the vaccine did not directly cause the disease.
One of the main fears is thatvaccine antibodies will somehow react with the tissues of our body - with an unpredictable result. For example, researchers noticed that one of the spike proteins of the virus is supposedly similar in structure to the syncytin-1 protein, which is involved in the development of the placenta - an important part embryo.
Antibodies to the spike protein supposedly should hit syncytin-1, which means that they should lead to termination of pregnancy. However, studies have not revealed the ability of antibodies to bind to this protein.
Vaccines and DNA
Previously, biologists decided to test whether the newa type of coronavirus to be embedded in a person's DNA. To do this, they conducted a laboratory study on human cells of the HEK 293T line infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
HEK 293 is a cell line derived from human embryonic kidney. Due to the simplicity of cultivation and transfection, it is widely used in modern cell biology.
In addition, it is widely used in the biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries as a producer of therapeutic proteins and viruses for gene therapy.
As a result, it turned out that neither the virus itself nor the vaccines based on it change DNA in any way.
Studies have also shown that vector particles are likely to be integrated into the genome of zero cells: vectors live in the body for 5-10 days, and then they are destroyed and digested by immune cells.
What vaccines are considered the safest
Today, vector vaccines claim to be leaders in terms of safety and effectiveness. They do not contain a live pathogen, but only instructions for assembling its key protein.
Viral vectors are tools usuallyused by molecular biologists to deliver genetic material into cells. This process can be performed inside a living organism (in vivo) or in cell culture (in vitro). Viruses have developed specialized molecular mechanisms to efficiently transport their genomes within the cells they infect.
At the same time, the vector or delivery vehicle contained in the vaccine is technically also a virus, but much safer. Why?
- it lacks genes responsible for reproduction or replication, which means that it will infect only a small number of cells,
- even in nature it causes only mild colds.
Today it can be almost reliably said thata very small number of vaccinated people increase the risk of blood clots - about one in 100 thousand people (0.001% of all vaccinated). The chance of death is even lower: one in 1 million (0.0001%).
Conclusion
Long-term effects of vaccination have happened in the history of drug development, but the consequences of low vaccination rates are worse than the expected long-term effects on our bodies.
The pandemic forces us to weigh the risks here andnow - which option will save more lives. Indeed, the number of victims includes not only those infected with the coronavirus, but also other patients who did not receive help due to the overload of hospitals.
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