Bioengineers from ETH Zurich have developed a prototype fuel
The fuel cell consists of a nanoparticle anodecopper based. It breaks down glucose into gluconic acid and a proton to produce electricity, which powers an electrical circuit. The device is wrapped in non-woven material and coated with alginate, a biocompatible algae extract product.
The finished fuel cell resembles a teasachet, but it can be implanted under human skin. The alginate absorbs body fluid and allows glucose to pass from the tissue to the fuel cell inside.
Researchers have connected this sourceelectricity with a previously developed capsule containing artificial beta cells. They mimic the work of the endocrine part of the pancreas, which produces insulin. Artificial cells can be stimulated to produce and secrete the hormone using an electric current or blue LED light.
Diagram illustrating the operation of the device whentests on mice. The implant activates insulin production when blood glucose levels rise, the hormone lowers blood sugar levels, after which the power is turned off and insulin production stops. Image: Maity D, et al, Adv. Mater.
The complete system combines power generation andcontrolled delivery of insulin. As soon as the fuel cell registers an excess of glucose, it begins to generate energy. This electrical energy is then used to stimulate the cells, which results in the production and release of insulin. As a result, blood sugar drops to normal levels.
In type 1 diabetes, the body producesnot enough insulin. This means that patients must receive the hormone from outside in order to regulate their blood sugar levels. As a rule, insulin pumps are used for this, which are attached directly to the body. These devices require a reliable power source, usually batteries. The researchers believe that a self-contained implantable system could be a convenient alternative for patients with this type of diabetes.
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On the cover: a prototype implantable fuel cell. Image: Fussenegger Lab, ETH Zurich