The authors studied fragments of Neanderthal DNA from the soil of three caves - Atapuerka, Denisova and Chagyrskaya.
IN
We found one of the caves of the Atapuerca complextraces of two populations of Neanderthals at once, which were not genetically related to each other. We are trying to understand whether the disappearance of the first group of Neanderthals was due to changes in climate or the anatomy of Homo neanderthalensis, which occurred around the same time. Juan Luis Arzuaga, one of the authors of the study and professor at the University of Madrid
Previously, the authors and scientists deciphered the renomeNeanderthals and found that they contacted our ancestors and left 2 to 4% of their genes in human DNA. In order to find out more complete information, the authors analyzed the composition of the cave soil.
Scientists extracted genome fragments from different layerssoils, restored and deciphered them. By analyzing these genomes, Professor Arsuaga and his colleagues found that not one, but two different groups of Neanderthals lived in the Atapuerca cave complex. One of them completely replaced the other about 100 thousand years ago.
It is interesting that in the genomes of both European andAltai Homo neanderthalensis were also found traces of two ancient waves of Neanderthal migrations: they occurred about 115 and 135 thousand years ago.
The authors hope that further excavations will help to understand what these events were connected with.
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