The main obstacle to research in the field of fundamental physics is the inability to test
What did Hawking predict?
In 1974, Stephen Hawking surprised physicists around the world by stating that the extreme gravitational force at the event horizons of black holesThey're going to emit them until they're exhausted.energy and will evaporate completely.
Before Hawking put forward his revolutionary theory, black holes were thought to be perfect black objects from which no particles couldHowever, the physicist is sure that they have their own radiation.Basically, it's a quantum process of thermal radiation that black holes spontaneously emit.Thus, the mass of black holes, their rotational energy, gradually decreases.As a result, they may disappear completely.
What is the Unruh effect?
The Fulling –Davis –Unruh effect was first proposed in the 1970s.It is one of the many predictions of quantum field theory.In fact, every "pocket" of space is filled with infinite vibrations on a quantum scale.If given enough energy, they will spontaneously "explode" into particle-antiparticle pairs that almost immediately annihilateAccording to the theory, any particle , be it matter or light , is simply a localized excitation of this quantum field.
What do they have in common?
The Unruh effect causes the space around rapidly accelerating objects to appear to be filled with a multitude of virtual particles that impartBecause it is closely related to Hawking radiation, in which particles spontaneously appear at the edges of black holes, scientists have long sought to detect one as a hint of the existence of the other.At least, that's what physicists used to think.
Why is it difficult to prove them?
Just as you need a black hole to test Hawking radiation, the effectUnruh requires enormous accelerations to produce a glow that can be seen. It was thought to be so faint that it could not be measured with current technology.
According to quantum theory, a stationary atom can increase its energy only when a real photon excites However, for an accelerating atom, fluctuations in the quantum field canFrom its "point of view," it will move through a clump of warm light particles that heat upThis heat can be a telltale sign of the Unruh effect.
The problem is what is the acceleration to getimpossible even at the Large Hadron Collider. An atom must accelerate to the speed of light in less than a millionth of a second, while experiencing a force of a quadrillion meters per second squared, in order to give off enough light that modern detectors will detect.
In simple words, to see this effect behinda short period of time, you just need incredible acceleration. If we use the speeds available to mankind, then we will have to wait more time than the Universe exists.
What experiment did the scientists come up with?
However, physicists figured out how to experiment withUnruh effect using high-intensity lasers. It turned out that if they act on an accelerated particle, the effect will increase so much that it can be measured. The scientists also discovered that it is possible to make accelerated matter transparent by delicately balancing the acceleration and deceleration of particles.
How will it work?
Quantum fluctuations become dense thanks to photons, which means that an atom forced to move in a vacuum under the influence of the light of a high-intensity laser can theoretically The problem is that the atom canAt the same time, interact with laser light, absorbing it, thus increasing its energy level.The heat generated will eventually drown out the Unruh effect.
If an atom has to "break through" the field of photons, then let it "not see" photons of a certain frequency, which will do As a result, by consistently combining all these workarounds, scientists will be able totest the Unruh effect at a specific light frequency.
What's the bottom line?
It won't be easy to bring the experiment to life. Scientists will buildA laboratory particle accelerator that will accelerate an electron to the speed of light by irradiating it with a microwave beam. If they findeffect, they will conduct experiments that will find a connection between Einstein's theory of relativity and quantum mechanics.This is one of the biggest problems of physics.Unruh, scientists will confirm Hawking's point about black holes.
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