Authors of new study deny dark matter and instead talk about their own concept of a device
“We can say that there is no gravity. Planets and stars move due to space-time distortion,” said Michio Kaku, physicist and author of the new paper.
Astronomers from various scientific institutes, led byScientists from the University of St Andrews have discovered that the gas in the dwarf galaxy is rotating very quickly. This was predicted by earlier models working on a theory called Milgromian dynamics, or modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND), which contradicts the idea of the existence of dark matter.
Both - the MOND theory and the concept of dark matter - answer the question of why galaxies are arranged the way they are.
What did the authors of the new work find out?
The authors of the new paper said they had founda dwarf galaxy with a high gas rotation rate. Such properties are consistent with the MOND theory. But only if the galaxy's tilt was overestimated in early calculations.
The researchers focused on testing whether gravity changes at low acceleration and whether the MOND theory can replace the concept of dark matter that is allegedly found around galaxies.
How was the MOND theory buried and revived?
Previous studies have shown that in the galaxy AGC 114905, the rotation of gas is slow, because of this, the MOND theory does not work.
Foundational theories like MOND are neededto understand how the universe works. According to the classical theory of physics, the rotation of galaxies is so fast that in fact they should be torn to pieces.
MOND theory is an alternative to the General Theoryrelativity. The latter was invented by Albert Einstein to explain how gravity works and why there is dark matter that holds galaxies together.
MOND aims to explain whydifferent objects in the universe have different mass without using the concept of dark matter. It was proposed in the early 1980s by the Israeli astrophysicist Mordechai Milgrom, the theory was a modification of the law of gravity, giving a stronger interaction in some regions of space, in such a way as to explain the observed form of the rotation curves of galaxies.
Supporters of MOND consider it an argument in their favorthat so far no dark matter has been found, even after decades of searching. So scientists have created new alternative ideas of what holds galaxies together. There is still no established opinion on this matter.
Why did the authors decide to bring back the MOND theory?
In the radio image above, the galaxy AGC 114905, incontaining neutral hydrogen gas. In the picture, the tilt of the galaxy is visible along the contours of the black ellipse. If the galaxy is round, then its inclination to the axis is 32°.
But the authors of the new paper said that thisincorrect data, and drew on top the contours of a blue ellipse, which, in their opinion, reflects the real situation. In this case, the tilt of the rotating gas is small, which means that the MOND theory works.
Galaxies are far away, how can you measure their rotation and tilt?
The rotation of stars and gas in distant galaxies cannot be measured directly. Only the line-of-sight component is known from precise spectroscopic measurements.
If you look at the galaxy almost point-blank, then itwill rotate mainly in the plane of the sky. This can mislead observers and make them think that the galaxy is actually rotating very slowly, so the tilt between the disk and sky planes needs to be reassessed. This tilt was estimated by how elliptical the galaxy appears.
As a result, the galaxy may be much closer than observers thought. And this confirms that the galaxy rotates much faster and, thus, the inconsistency of the MOND theory is refuted.
Why did the MOND theory work, but the dark matter idea didn't?
The simulation showed that the galaxymay appear somewhat elliptical even when viewed face-on. This is because the stars and gas in the galaxy have gravity and can be stretched into a slightly non-circular shape.
A similar process causes spiral arms in disk galaxies, which are so common that they are often referred to as spiral galaxies.
Pavel Krup, associate of the University of Bonn,believes that the MOND theory was relevant to previous tests. But the standard approach causes very serious inconsistencies in the physics of different objects.
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