Transport is one of the most popular areas of application of the Internet of Things (IoT) in Russia. In 2019 she
In Russia, the driver of the development of the Internet of Things ontransport - Moscow, where local authorities motivate market players to digitalize the industry. From 2012 to 2021, 138 billion rubles were allocated for the intelligent transport system in the city. Following the capital, similar solutions are being introduced in the regions. Here's how it changed the experience of passengers and the work of companies.
What did the passengers get
- Predictability
Static scoreboards with route timetable for a long timeare a thing of the past. It is now much easier for passengers to plan trips - they monitor traffic in real time. IoT technologies have also helped to optimize the route network and schedule.
For example, MaximaTelecom has launched a service fortargeted informing of metro passengers. This helped the townspeople after the launch of the MCC - then many continued to travel along their old metro routes. We have identified those among them who will have a reduced travel time due to the MCC. On average, thanks to the ring, the townspeople began to save from 9 to 16 minutes. We have notified these passengers by SMS. As a result, the load on all metro lines decreased by 10–20% due to the fact that passengers moved to the MCC and began to use it regularly. And if the line is blocked at a certain section or closed for work, then we inform only the passengers of this line using Big Data Wi-Fi networks.
One more example: earlier, the drivers of public transport in Moscow had a fixed schedule. If they lagged behind, then they tried in every possible way to reduce this lag. With the help of telematics devices, another system was introduced: now drivers must observe the interval between the movement of buses and trams. This made it possible to avoid the situation when two more empty ones follow one full bus.
- Security
For driving safety in transport nowNot only drivers respond, but also telematics systems - using GPS/GLONASS satellite chips and accelerometers, they collect statistics about the car’s driving and its condition. Carriers also monitor the quality of driving using video cameras.
Based on data on driving quality,driver rating, which helps in the analysis of passenger complaints and staff motivation. In addition, the video archive allows you to investigate incidents. And in real time - to manage traffic: the situational center of the Moscow Central Traffic Control Center - the largest in Europe - receives information every minute from more than 40,000 traffic lights, 3,700 detectors and 2,000 photo and video recording systems.
- Free communication
Free Wi-Fi has revolutionized entertainment andinforming passengers. It became clear that instead of a limited set of content in media systems, it is better to provide access to the Internet. For example, when the airline asked passengers which in-flight entertainment system they considered successful, the tablet holder came out on top.
The vehicle has a permanentcommunication channel allowed to get away from paper plates, they were replaced by digital information systems with remote control. They help to promptly notify passengers about any changes in the route or emergency. They also have information about transfer hubs - this helps passengers to navigate and choose the most convenient route.
How carriers became more efficient
- Repair and service
IoT devices help create digital"Doubles" of buses, trams, subway cars and other transport. These are models that include information about all mechanisms, their technical condition and the timing of repairs. The data is constantly updated. The system will make it possible to switch from scheduled repair of the vehicle "on schedule" to repair on demand: this will save on spare parts and reduce the number of accidents.
A similar trend is observed in digitalizationfixed infrastructure. One of the projects is called “digital depot” - this is the digitization of business processes for servicing locomotives and inventory of spare parts using RFID tags and QR codes.
The same technologies are helping create digitalDepot "doubles". They provide identification and monitoring of the movement of all physical objects using RFID tags or QR codes on spare parts and assemblies, integrating them into a system. Ctrl2go uses AI to measure brake pad wear as part of a digital depot. This reduces errors and allows for more efficient use of spare parts.
Ctrl2go also uses artificial intelligencefor automatic license plate recognition and positioning of locomotives, which allows you to accurately determine the time spent at a repair position. Technology also makes it possible to predict wheelset wear and prepare in advance for turning or replacing them. A separate predictive analytics system based on data from the locomotive provides information on malfunctions long before the depot arrives. Digital depot systems save service time, exclude the human factor from technological operations, improve the quality of repairs and reduce their costs.
- Helping staff and monitoring efficiency
Internet of Things helps in work planningpersonnel. As part of a pilot project, Moscow buses will be equipped with systems to combat free riders. They consist of passenger counting sensors that recognize people entering and exiting the bus and count the difference between them - if the number of fare payers is less than the number of people on the bus, a controller will be sent to that route.
IoT devices also make it easier to keep track ofrepairs. Carriers see whether the workers replaced the necessary spare parts, completed the required amount of work and met the allotted time. If something failed, then you can understand what caused the deviations.
In addition, IoT devices increase the transparency of vehicle operation: it is clear whether they are traveling along planned routes and whether there are any uncontrolled fuel drains.
- Control of cargo transportation
The IoT helps not only with public transport. Sensors make it possible to control the storage and transportation of goods, especially perishable ones. Now about 5% of frozen food is spoiled due to malfunctioning refrigeration units. Devices that track climate, temperature, humidity, pressure, and other parameters help prevent write-offs. In the case of delivery, contractors and customers can monitor the cargo and its condition online. Thanks to the Internet of Things, the situation is gradually becoming a thing of the past when the cargo disappears during delivery, and then it is declared in poor condition.
Barriers: inertia of carriers and lack of standards
The transport industry is highly regulated,Therefore, it is difficult to introduce new technologies. In addition, carriers are often not ready for large-scale digitalization: they have inflexible processes, insufficiently developed infrastructure, and staff have no desire to adapt to changes. It is important that carriers and manufacturers understand exactly how IoT technologies improve their efficiency. Not everyone has come to this understanding yet. This is expected to be influenced by the Digital Economy program, which encourages companies to use digital platforms and IoT.
Another limiting factor is timingdesign of high-tech systems for transport. Those formulations that are being created now will appear in mass production only two years later. Their use will require a well-developed infrastructure, for which carriers have to allocate money - not only to build it, but also to train personnel.
In addition, the transport industry is specific. Each carrier has its own baggage from business processes and infrastructure - they have to be taken into account when introducing new solutions. In addition, each region has its own characteristics: somewhere there is one combination of private and public carriers, and somewhere else. In some regions, one or two companies are involved in organizing transportation, while in others, some companies are responsible for the vehicle fleet, others for routes, and others for repairs. Therefore, digital transport systems have to be finalized for specific customers.
They are working on the development and implementation of these systemsdozens of companies, the potential of the IoT industry is huge. At the same time, 65% of manufacturers of equipment for the Internet of Things, according to Rostec, use Russian components.
Payment by face, dining car in the application and other services of the future
There will be even more changes in the next 5–10 years.Firstly, the transition from contactless payments to payment using biometrics is near. This means that when a passenger enters the vehicle, the system will recognize his face and debit the payment from the card.
Second, users' own deviceswill become an important link in the digital transport ecosystem. The train infrastructure can be controlled from the phone: for example, block the compartment door on the train, change the lighting and climate, order food. This trend will affect manufacturers: they will design a modular technological platform that passengers will be able to control (whereas now the "iron" component is in priority, and technological systems are added at the last stage).
Thirdly, cars will become permanentlyinteract with each other. A network of vehicles will appear, within which they will notify about the state of the roads, traffic jams, accidents and other factors. This will help the proliferation of self-driving cars - first in cargo transportation, and then in passenger traffic.
IoT technologies will lead to a changebusiness models of all market participants. For example, when digital "twins" make more progress, the spare parts warehouse will be significantly reduced and the purchasing scheme itself will change - they will be ordered strictly according to the needs of a particular vehicle. And insurance companies will finally switch to an individual calculation of insurance, depending on the driving style and the condition of the vehicle.
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