Key components of RNA and vitamin B3 found on asteroid Ryugu

An international team of researchers presented the results of a new analysis of the chemical composition of the samples,

collected by the Japanese space mission on the Ryugu asteroid. The study identified uracil (one of the four nitrogenous bases of RNA) and niacin (a form of vitamin B3) in the sample.

The researchers analyzed samples of mountainrocks collected at two Hayabusa-2 landing sites on the asteroid Ryugu in 2018. The analysis showed insignificant differences in the concentration of uracil in different sampling sites. The researchers believe that this may be due to different exposure to ultraviolet radiation and cosmic rays in different parts of the asteroid's surface.

Samples collected at two landing sites on Ryugu. Image: Yasuhiro Oba et al., Nature Communications

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agencydeveloped the Hayabusa-2 mission to explore a carbonaceous asteroid. In 2018, a space probe reached the asteroid, conducted several surveys in its orbit, and then landed on the surface of the object and collected samples. The materials were placed in an insulated container and delivered to Earth in December 2020.

This is not the first study of samples obtainedmission "Hayabusa-2". Previously, researchers have reported finding many different amino acids and other prebiotic organic molecules. Together, these studies show that various components necessary for the origin of life could have formed off our planet and come to Earth along with asteroids.

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Cover: Artistic illustration of an asteroid exploration mission. Image: Akihiro Ikeshita, JAXA