Biologists have discovered a unique component of saltwater crocodile physiology that helps the immune system
Researchers at La Trobe University have foundunusual activity of the CpoBD13 defensin found in the saltwater crocodile. Defensins are a variety of cysteine-rich small protein molecules that are used to find sources of infection (bacteria, fungi, a number of viruses) and activate immunity. It is one of the main components of the innate immune system in all plant and animal species.
CpoBD13 of the saltwater crocodile has a potentantifungal activity, which is mediated by pH-dependent membrane targeting. These molecules are extremely sensitive to the level of acidity. Depending on the pH level of the environment, these proteins are activated or deactivated. This allows the reptile's immune system to recognize which area or which cells are infected and then attack and kill the fungal pathogen.
The researchers note that previously none ofno other animal or plant has described a similar defense mechanism based on the determination of the level of acidity. At the same time, the structure of CpoBD13 is close to similar molecules in humans. This means "they can be used as a template for the treatment of fungal infections in humans," the study authors say.
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