Named an enzyme that contributes to the development of cancer. It usually protects against viruses

Researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine have made a surprising discovery: an enzyme that normally protects human

cells from viruses, may contribute to the developmentcancer. In other words, ordinary tumors can become more malignant. With its ability to induce mutations in cancer cells, the newly identified “target” has the potential for new treatments aimed at combating deadly diseases.

In a new study, biologists examined the roleenzymes, the scientists used a preclinical model of bladder cancer, APOBEC3G. They found that the enzyme significantly increases the number of mutations in tumor cells. For example, it plays a huge role in the evolution of bladder cancer.

Cytosine nucleotide (letter “C” in genetics)code) is chemically modified by members of the APOBEC3 family of enzymes to alter RNA or DNA. This causes the wrong nucleotide to appear. Notably, these enzymes, especially APOBEC3G, typically work against retroviruses such as HIV by changing cytosines in the viral genome to prevent the virus from reproducing.

APOBEC3 enzymes that are known to be dangerousfor cellular DNA, found in high concentrations in cancer cells. A 2016 study also linked these mutations to resistance to chemotherapy treatments. A new discovery explains why some cancers are difficult to treat due to their ability to defend against conventional treatments.

Study Findings Explain Why Canceraffects APOBEC3, changing the genome, causing mutations. It also increases the ability to diversify and “evolve,” allowing them to continue to grow and spread despite immune defenses and treatment.

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