The central elements of a new type of quantum computer are magnetic atoms from the class of so-called
On the way to initial quantum computersThe requirement is to create so-called quantum bits or qubits—memory bits that, unlike classical bits, can take on not only the binary values of zero and one, but also any arbitrary combination.
“This makes possible a completely new kind of computing and data processing, which for specific applications means a huge acceleration in computing power.”
PSI researcher Manuel Grimm.
Physicists describe how logical bits and fundamentalcomputer operations with them can be implemented in a magnetic solid: qubits will be located on individual atoms from the class of rare earth elements, built into the crystal lattice of the main material.
Based on the laws of quantum physics, researcherscalculated that the nuclear spin of rare earth atoms would be suitable for use as an information carrier, that is, qubits. They also suggest that targeted laser pulses could instantly transmit information to an atom's electrons and thus activate qubits, causing their information to become visible to surrounding atoms.
Two such activated qubits interactwith each other and thus can be “entangled”. Entanglement is a special property of quantum systems of several particles or qubits, which is important for quantum computers: the result of measuring one qubit directly depends on the results of measuring other qubits, and vice versa.
Researchers demonstrate how these qubits canbe used to create logic gates, primarily controlled gates with a "NOT" value (CNOT gates). Logic gates are the basic building blocks that classical computers also use to perform computation. If you combine a sufficient number of such CNOT gates, as well as a sufficient number of one-qubit gates, any conceivable computational operation becomes possible. Thus, they form the backbone of quantum computers.
This is not the first time that scientists have proposeduse quantum logic gates. However, this method of activating and entangling qubits has a decisive advantage over previous comparable proposals: it is at least ten times faster.
Another advantage is not onlythe speed at which a quantum computer based on this concept can perform calculations, and above all, this concerns the system's susceptibility to errors.
Qubits are not very stable.If the entanglement processes are too slow, there is a high probability that some of the qubits will lose their information in the meantime. In fact, PSI researchers have discovered a way to build a quantum computer not only at least ten times faster than comparable systems, but also less prone to errors in the same factor.
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