Physicists come close to discovering the fifth force while creating perfect crystals

The study was conducted within the framework of international cooperation at the National Institute of Standards and

Dmitry Pushin, a member of the University of Waterloo's Institute for Quantum Computing and a lecturer in the Department of Physics and Astronomy, was the only Canadian researcher involved in the study.Pushin's goal was to create high-quality quantum sensors from perfect crystals.

By directing subatomic particles – neutrons – at silicon crystals and tracking the resultWith high sensitivity, the researchers were able to obtain three outstanding results: the first in 20 yearsmeasurement of the key property of the neutron using a unique method; high-precision measurements of the effects of thermal oscillations in a silicon crystal; and limitations on the strength of a possible fifth force beyond standard physical theories. The latest work, carried out in collaboration with researchers from Japan, the United States and Canada, has made it possible to quadruple the accuracy of measuring processes in the structure of a silicon crystal. 

Pushin, whose research specializes inneutron physics and interferometry, played an important role in the collection of data on neutrons and chemical etching of samples. This helped the research team explore the forces beyond the Standard Model.

The Standard Model is now a widely accepted theory of the interaction of particles and forces at the micro level.But that's an incomplete explanation of how nature works, and scientists suspect there's more to the universe than it describes.Theory. The Standard Model describes three fundamental forces in nature: the electromagnetic, strong and weak nuclear forces. Each force acts through the action of "carrier particles".For example, a photon is a carrier of an electromagnetic force.But the Standard Model does not include gravity in its description of nature.In addition, some experiments and theories suggest the possible presence of a fifth force.

The researchers are already planning larger-scale measurements of the Pendellosung effect using silicon and germanium.Scientists expect a five-fold reduction in the error of their measurements, which can provide the most accurate measurement of the radius of the neutron charge to date and detect the fifth force.They also plan to conduct a cryogenic version of the experiment that will show how the atoms of the crystal leadThis is what  explains why quantum objects never exist.perfectly stationary even at temperatures close to absolute zero.

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