For the past 50 years, scientists around the world have debated why lightning zigzags.
Lightning occurs when electrons collide withoxygen molecules with enough energy to create high-energy singlet delta oxygen molecules, the scientists explain. After the collision, the "torn off" electrons form a highly conductive "step" - initially luminous. It redistributes the electric field in space, which forms the subsequent "steps".
Conductive pole connecting the first "step"with cloud and steps between them, remains dark. This is due to the fact that here the electrons are attached to neutral oxygen molecules, followed by the immediate detachment of electrons by singlet delta molecules.
The researchers note that understanding the nature of the formation and propagation of lightning will improve the protection of aircraft and buildings from this natural phenomenon.
Improving lightning protection is so important now because ofan increase in extreme weather events caused by climate change. Also, while the development of environmentally friendly composite materials in aircraft improves fuel efficiency, these materials greatly increase the risk of lightning damage.
John Lowe, Associate Professor at the University of South Australia
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