Today, hydrazine is the most common fuel used in onboard engines
ESA (European Space Agency)initiated the GRACE project - Green Liquid Apogee Engine - for future spaceships. The goal is to evaluate more environmentally friendly engine options. The tests ended with a 60-second engine start.
GRACE project experts evaluated various optionsand made a conclusion. For greater efficiency of two-component fuel, it is best to use high quality peroxide - HTP - as an oxidizer. It is a much cleaner version of the same chemical used to bleach hair. With the help of a catalyst, it is split into oxygen, water vapor, and also into TMPDA (N,N,N’,N’-tetramethyl-1,3-diaminopropane). It is used as fuel.
It was almost entirely a Polish project supported by the ESA Polish Industry Incentive program.
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