What is biometrics and biometric technology?
Biometric technologies are based on biometrics,
Usually, when classifying biometric technologies, two groups of systems are distinguished according to the type of biometric parameters used:
- The first group of systems uses static biometric parameters: fingerprints, hand geometry, retina, etc.
- The second group of systems uses dynamic parameters for identification: the dynamics of reproduction of a signature or a handwritten keyword, voice, etc.
Recently increased interest in thisIt is customary to associate topics in the world with the threats of intensified international terrorism. Many states plan to introduce passports with biometric data in the near future.
Who is responsible for biometrics and data collection in Russia?
In Russia, a unified biometric system (UBS) was launched on July 1, 2018. By submitting your data there, a person can gain access to many financial or government services without providing a passport.
Together with information (passport data, SNILS,phone number, TIN), which are stored on the State Services platform, a person will be able to remotely open accounts in credit institutions, issue loans without a passport, and make other monetary and financial transactions.
EBS is a digital platform that has beendeveloped by Rostelecom Corporation, the RF Ministry of Communications and the Central Bank. It allows you to identify a person by his voice and face. People who donate their biometric samples can theoretically receive various financial services remotely.
How to pass biometrics in Russia?
Identification will be based on voice and face. Banks and government agencies will be engaged in registration. To enter data into the EBS you need:
- Come to the bank.
- Register with ESIA, if there was no previous registration.
- Next, the employee takes a picture of the face with a camera and records the voice.
- The files are transferred to the EBS.
When applying for services in the future, a person just needs to turn on the camera, voice the generated phrase. The identification accuracy is controlled by special software algorithms.
How do Russians feel about biometrics?
Experts from the NAFI analytical center conducted a surveyand found out that exactly half (50%) of Russians do not support the creation of the Russian Unified Biometric System (UBS). The results were published at the end of December. Only 19% of citizens have already posted their data in the EBS.
A quarter of the respondents are going to enter their data into the EBS in the future, among them:
- Youth from 18 to 24 years old (25%).
- Citizens aged 25 to 34 years (22%).
- Mature part of the population: 35 to 44 years old, (20%).
- Citizens over 60 years old (19%).
Every third respondent who did not planto share his data with EBS, could not specifically explain the reasons for his decision. The rest either did not see the need for this or were afraid for the safety of the information.
How will the use of biometrics in Russia change now?
The day before, December 29, Russian President VladimirPutin signed a law on the use of the Unified Biometric System (UBS) for remote identification when receiving a wide range of financial and government services. The document was published on Tuesday on the official portal of legal information.
Previously, the use of EBS was limited - with its help it was possible to open accounts and receive loans, and only banks with a basic license could collect biometric data in it.
The law gave such banks the right, notthe obligation to collect biometric data in the EBS, and the Central Bank had the right to establish conditions for collecting biometrics in the EBS depending on the types of banking divisions (operating cash desks, branches, etc.). At the same time, the EBS is given the status of a state information system (GIS).
Now the Bank of Russia can set conditionscollection of biometrics in the EBS, depending on the types of banking units. And the Central Bank may, for a period of up to one year, impose a ban on identification by a credit institution and a non-bank financial institution carrying out transactions with monetary funds in the event of repeated violations by such an organization of the requirements of anti-money laundering legislation within one year.
The law allows identification withusing commercial biometric systems in cases established by the government in agreement with the Bank of Russia. Authentication or identification using commercial biometric systems will be possible after accreditation.
However, it is forbidden to post and process in the EBS information classified as a state secret.
How will biometrics law affect ordinary people?
Now biometric data can be collected in the EBS for banks with a basic license (now the law obliges them to do this), the new law also introduces such an obligation for banks with a universal license.
Also, banks with a universal license willare obliged to ensure the opportunity for individual clients to open accounts (deposits) in rubles, as well as to receive loans in rubles without personal presence after identifying the individual client in the manner prescribed by law. This opportunity is provided by the bank through the official website, as well as a mobile application that meets the criteria established by the Central Bank.
The document also provides for the collection of biometricdata through multifunctional centers of state and municipal services (MFC), as well as the possibility of providing such services by government agencies only using the EBS. At the same time, the EBS will receive the status of a state information system. It is planned to extend identification to all citizens, and not only to citizens of the Russian Federation.
In addition, the EBS can now be used within the framework of civil law relations to authenticate citizens.
When will the changes take effect?
The law will enter into force on January 1, 2021, with the exception of provisions for which this article establishes other terms for their entry into force.
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