Researchers from the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of the Foundation for Research and Technology of Hellas
Scientists have found that nuclear andnucleolar components through autophagy (processing of dead cell components) slows down the aging of somatic cells and maintains the immortality of germ cells necessary for reproduction. The control mechanism is provided by the nuclear envelope protein Nesprin-2 and its orthologue (a homologous protein in other species) ANC-1.
These proteins support the small size of the nucleolus (the internal component of the nucleus), which is a prerequisite for extended lifespan.They also prevent abnormalities in the shape of the nucleus and the accumulation of lamine, the main structural component of the nuclear plate.In addition, nucleophagy (autophagy of nucleus cells) with the help of these proteins is necessary for the normal development of germ cells.
Stained microscopy of cells showing the mechanisms that control aging in nematodes. Image: IMBB-FORTH
In their work, scientists used two typesexperimental animals: nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and mice. The study showed that disruption of ANC-1 function causes tumor-like structures in the germline and progressive sterility, and deactivation of Nesprin-2 in female mice causes ovarian carcinoma.
Biologists say that in numerousStudies have previously shown that in the process of aging and with the development of oncological diseases, the ultrastructure of the cell nucleus changes dramatically. At the same time, the small size of the nucleolus is associated with longevity and life-prolonging interventions. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms causing these changes remained unclear for a long time.
Researchers believe that similar mechanismscontrol aging and fertility not only in animals but also in humans. Understanding the principles of their work will help in increasing the duration and quality of life, they add.
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