Rare and 'rule-breaking' quasi-crystal found in piece of 'petrified' lightning

Fulgurite was discovered near a power line that collapsed during a storm in 2008. In general

complexity it was 2 meters in lengthand up to 8 centimeters in diameter. No one witnessed this event, so researchers are not sure whether lightning struck the power line and created the fulgurite, or whether the line came down due to the wind and created the fulgurite with its own electrical discharge.

The quasicrystal discovered in Nevada is a mixturesand and metal materials in the electrical line, including manganese, silicon, chromium, aluminum and nickel. To combine them, the temperature of the sand had to reach at least 1,710 °C for a short time, the researchers said.

Fulgurite, found in Nebraska, contains a rare material known as a quasicrystal. Image credit: Luca Bindi

In the search for quasicrystals, scientists are studyingfulgurites. They are formed when lightning strikes sand, fusing the sand grains together into a branched glass tube. One of them was found in the Sandhills, Nebraska, USA, near the village of Hyannis. This area consists of grass-covered sand dunes.

Quasicrystals are materials that disrupttraditional rules of crystallography. Before they were first reported in 1984, scientists thought the materials could be either crystalline—with symmetrical, repeating patterns—or amorphous, meaning randomly arranged. In addition, scientists believed that crystals could only be symmetrical a limited number of times when rotating around an axis—two, three, four, or six.

Quasicrystals “violate” these rules.They are distinguished by rotational symmetry, which is inaccessible to a conventional crystal. For example, a quasicrystal with icosahedral symmetry exhibits fivefold symmetry around six different lines of rotation.

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