While in conventional computers, the units of information are binary digits or bits, in quantum computers,
Information about a qubit can carry a certaincharacteristic of this particle (for example, electron spin or photon polarization), which can have two states. Although the normal bit values are 0 or 1, intermediate versions of these values are also possible in the quantum bit. The intermediate state is called superposition. This property gives quantum computers the ability to solve problems
Researchers at the Tartu Institute of PhysicsUniversity have shown that microcrystals synthesized on the basis of mixed optical crystal matrices of fluorides doped with erbium, praseodymium and some other ions of rare earth elements can work as qubits, providing ultrafast optical quantum computing.
"When choosing ions, their electronic states with very different properties are of great importance.They must have at least two states in which the ionic interaction is very weak.These states are suitable for basic quantum logic operations on individual quantum bits.In addition, there must be a state or states in which the ionic interaction is strong—they allowAll of these states must have long lifetimes (milliseconds or microseconds), and optical transitions must be allowed between these states."
ProfessorVladimir Khizhnyakov, Member of the Estonian Academy of Sciences
Scientists say that the detection of suchelectronic states of rare earth ions were not considered possible, and therefore scientists did not look among them for such states suitable for qubits. Until now, mainly the spin states of atomic nuclei have been studied for the role of qubits. However, their frequency is a million times lower than the frequency of quantum bits. This is why quantum computers are also built around these qubits. And they will be significantly slower than computers with quantum bits based on electronic states.
The ultra-fast cycle time will make it possible to overcome one of the main obstacles to the creation of quantum computers.Qubits are very sensitive to their surroundings, so any environmental interference canlead to errors in quantum computing.
"The coherence time of qubits, that is, the duration of a pure quantum state, is very short.The faster the computation cycle, the less environmental interference there is in the operation of the qubits."
ProfessorVladimir Khizhnyakov, Member of the Estonian Academy of Sciences
It was found that the spectral burning methodholes, previously developed at the Institute of Physics of the University of Tartu, can be used to select a set of qubits in a microcrystal that acts as a computer instance. According to Khizhnyakov, today this is one of the most powerful methods of optical spectroscopy, which allows you to find those ions in a microcrystal that are most suitable for use as computer qubits.
Although before a real working quantum computeris still a long way off, but researchers at the Laser Spectroscopy Laboratory of the University of Tartu have begun creating a pilot prototype of a quantum computer based on the new method. According to the researchers, they are on the eve of the presentation of the work of the basic elements of a new type of quantum computer.
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