Scientists have invented a new type of quantum spontaneous error correction

To build a universal quantum computer from fragile quantum components, an effective

implementation of quantum error correction isthe most important requirement. It is used in quantum computing, which has the potential to solve scientific problems beyond supercomputers, by protecting quantum information from errors due to various noises.

Today's computers are built on transistors,representing the classic bits (zeros or ones). Quantum computing is an exciting new paradigm for qubit computing, where quantum superposition can be used to exponentially increase computing power. Fault-tolerant quantum computing can significantly advance material discovery, artificial intelligence, biochemical engineering, and many other disciplines.

Because qubits are inherently fragile,Efficient implementation of quantum error correction is a challenging task in creating such powerful quantum computers. Existing demos are active, which means they require periodic error checking and immediate fixes, which requires hardware resources and therefore prevents quantum computers from scaling.

"Although our experiment is stillWith a rather elementary demonstration, we have finally realized this controversial theoretical possibility of dissipative correction. Looking ahead, there may be more ways to protect our qubits from errors and do it at a lower cost. This experiment thus raises the prospect of creating a useful fault-tolerant quantum computer in the medium to long term.”

University of Massachusetts physicist Chen Wang

In contrast, in the researchers' experimenta passive correction method is achieved by adjusting the friction (or dissipation) experienced by the qubit. Since friction is generally considered the nemesis of quantum coherence, this result may seem rather unexpected. The trick is that the dissipation has to be specially designed in a quantum way. This general strategy has been known in theory for about two decades, but a practical way to obtain such dispersion and use it for correction has been challenging.

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