Scientists understand which galaxies inhabited the early universe

Using data from India's SARAS3 radio telescope, researchers led by the Cambridge

university studied very earlythe Universe—just 200 million years after the Big Bang—and to set limits on the mass and energy output of the first stars and galaxies. Contrary to assumptions, astronomers have imposed these restrictions on even the earliest galaxies without detecting much of a signal. It is known as the neutral hydrogen radio link.

Neutral hydrogen radio link,also the 21 cm line or the HI line—the forbidden line (in the sense of the electric dipole approximation) of neutral atomic hydrogen. This is the most important radio link in radio astronomy, which provides information on the distribution of neutral hydrogen and the movement of its clouds. It is usually used to search for extraterrestrial civilizations.

Its absence allowed astronomers to make otherconclusions about the cosmic dawn, imposing restrictions on the first galaxies. They excluded scenarios that included galaxies in the cosmic dawn scenario that were inefficient cosmic gas heaters and efficient radio producers.

Although scientists cannot directly observebehind these early structures, the results, published in the journal Nature Astronomy, represent an important step in understanding how the universe went from being nearly empty to full of stars.

Understanding the early Universe, when it formedthe first stars and galaxies is one of the main goals of the new observatories. The results obtained using SARAS3 data are a proof of concept.

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