In a new review, scientists provide compelling evidence that the development of type 1 diabetes is associated with
Enteroviruses are a genus of viruses from the picornavirus family. The name is associated with their reproduction in the gastrointestinal tract, but they rarely cause enteritis.
The assumption that enterovirus infectionmay trigger type I diabetes refers to a report published in 1969, the authors of which linked the disease to recent infection with an enterovirus called Coxsackie B. Since then, biologists have published several different studies based on this theory, but the results have been inconsistent.
In 2011, a group of scientists conducted a study inwhich studied this issue with an emphasis on modern molecular testing methods (such as PCR tests). They identified a clinically significant association between enterovirus infection and type I diabetes.
New study that has not yet been peer-reviewedand published, but recently presented at the annual meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, conducted by the same group of scientists. They updated the 2011 results to include more data and advanced molecular diagnostic techniques.
In the new work, biologists used data from 60controlled observational studies of about 12,000 people. Overall, people with type 1 diabetes were eight times more likely to have traces of enterovirus infection.
The study showed that during the firstmonths after diagnosis, patients were 16 times more likely to have signs of enterovirus infection. The connection was even stronger in people with a genetic predisposition to type 1 diabetes or relatives with the disease.
The problem is that there are so many enteroviruses. Today, more than 80 different types are known to cause disease in humans.
In previous studies, scientistshave often focused on a subgroup of enteroviruses known as Coxsackie B. There are six types of Coxsackie B enteroviruses, and researchers estimate that this group may account for a quarter of all enterovirus infections.
A group of researchers in Europe has already developeda single vaccine designed to combat all six enteroviruses Coxsackie B. It is now being tested in humans. The goal is to create a vaccine that reduces the risk of developing type 1 diabetes in children.
The results of a new study in somedegrees support an association between Coxsackie B and diabetes. However, the scientists noted during the presentation that the new findings do not suggest that enterovirus infections are the sole cause of type 1 diabetes. Other factors are also required for the virus to trigger the development of the disease.
Diabetes mellitus type I—chronica disease that affects the human body's ability to process glucose from food to produce energy. In most cases, type I diabetes is detected at an early age.
The disease develops when the immune systemattacks the pancreatic cells that produce insulin, a hormone that helps convert glucose into the energy needed by the body's cells. Therefore, people with type 1 diabetes mellitus need daily insulin injections.
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