The early universe was a perfect fluid. Scientists have shown how it turned into matter

A few millionths of a second after the Big Bang, the early Universe adopted a strange new

state:it became a subatomic soup called quark-gluon plasma. Quark-gluon plasma is an ideal fluid: in it, quarks and gluons, which are the building blocks of protons and neutrons, are so tightly bound that they flow almost without friction.

Scientists have previously found that high-energyjets of particles fly through quark-gluon plasma—a blob the size of an atomic nucleus—at speeds exceeding the speed of sound and emit a supersonic shock. 

To study the properties of these jet particles, inIn 2014, a team of scientists first applied an atomic X-ray imaging technique called inkjet tomography. As a result, it turned out that these jets scatter and lose energy when propagating in a quark-gluon plasma.

But where did these jet particles come from in the quark-gluon plasma? Scientists tried to find and study them, but they failed.

In the video, the author explains how collisions of heavy particles of relativistic heavy ions occur at the collider. 

The authors of the new work stated that they had inventedAnother technique is called 2D jet tomography: it can help researchers locate the diffuse trace signal in a quark-gluon plasma.

To find the signal, the Berkeley Lab teamanalyzed more than 100 thousand collisions of lead nuclei, which were simulated at the Large Hadron Collider, and also studied how collisions of gold nuclei took place on a relativistic heavy ion. 

The authors believe that their work will help to understand what signals should be looked for in order to understand how quark-gluon plasma turned into matter. 

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