So different, but equally useless. Why in modern war are they brought to a fighting state?
Table of contents
- Transnistria
- Yugoslavia
- Well, about Syria and Ukraine?
- General design principles
The main task of any armored vehicles at the root is to givesoldiers the opportunity to approach the enemy, while remaining invulnerable to return fire. And, of course, to conduct this fire on him without hindrance.
Therefore, armored vehicles are not always some kind ofcomplex and specially designed tool. When the war decided to break out somewhere, she does not care what the parties have with technology, finance and industry. And I don’t want to die - at least quickly and ingloriously.
In the middle of the zero any improvisedAn interesting technique was given a legendary name by the inhabitants of LiveJournal (remember those? There are still quite a few people still living there). The funny term "shushpanzer" did not become official, but it took root among the people
Steel-lined lorries and othersvehicles were born during the First World War precisely as a result of such “collective farm tuning”. And, it would seem, in the 21st century no one will play the fool in this way. But we see this principle of building sham "armored" formations around the world today.
NI-1 (For a fright - 1) sheathed with sheets of steel tractor.Near Odessa in 1941, the Romanian units were dispersed with one clang of caterpillars. Anyone who has ever heard the clang of the caterpillars of this crap will not laugh at the Romanians. The gun, by the way, is fake.
In this article we will talk about insane ortechnically successful, and, of course, legendary samples. But even the overall assessment is more important, because shushpanzers are a placebo that instills confidence in soldiers under fire, and in some cases a real answer with ingenuity for a counterattack in an atmosphere of poverty.
Transnistria
The crux of the conflict was thatThe population of the territories east of the Dniester River had different (not the same as the rest of Moldova) views on the issue of the collapse of the USSR. The spontaneously emerged defense forces of Transnistria did not get noticeable trophies from the warehouses of the Soviet army, so they had to improvise.
In addition to the predictable KamAZ and KrAZthe BAT-M type tracklayers were also subjected to booking. During one of the battles with the Moldovan forces on the armored personnel carrier, the "tankers" managed to demoralize the enemy with the clanging of caterpillars and invulnerability to the enemy's small arms, and not only repulse the attack, but also capture the abandoned armored personnel carriers-70 in a panic.
One of the shushpanzers who rammed the armored vehicles. Well, it's definitely not worth joking with him.
Yes, the Pridnestrovians did not get a lot of weapons, butthere were several “gantrucks” (trucks custom-tuned with weapons) from the time of the recent war in Afghanistan of the “Broom-2” type. A fighting compartment with a unit for unguided missiles from combat helicopters was installed on the Ural-4320 (these are installed on the Mi-24 or Mi-8). The appearance of such "ultra-light MLRS" several times with one salvo cooled the ardor of the Moldovan nationalists.
"Broom" - this, by the way, is not in honor of an indispensable contraption in everyday life. "Broom" is a real surname. Major Alexander Mikhailovich Metla - the creator of the Afghan dumbbells for the Soviet army.
Metla-2 and Metla itself
Yugoslavia
The topic is, in fact, inexhaustible andvaried. The military-industrial complex of Yugoslavia was spread over the country, and, despite the fact that the army there was relatively large and equipped, everyone had problems with weapons as soon as the country collapsed.
“Across the fields, across the fields ...”, and I would not like to know who this tractor has in the trailer:
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How do you like Mad Max
But in the hands of the Serbian captain Michel OstozicShushpanzers turned into works of art. His armored cars were sheathed with metal at unusual angles, as if he suspected something about stealth technology. Just a joke, of course - such angles protected the crew with greater success, deflecting bullets into ricochets.
More often, these armored cars are turned into uglyboxes, they say, the piece of iron itself will do everything. But on the other hand, it's not that it's just improvisation on the knee - Ostozhich made such machines in small batches. He produced modifications with anti-aircraft guns, light guns, just armored personnel carriers and even anti-aircraft missile launchers.
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And it would be a crime not to say, but in what unit did the gifted captain serve? Well, who in the subject, he already guessed. At 2.57 it is the most.
It was in service with the legendary Panthers that all armored vehicles of this type were in service.
A separate story - the armored train "Kraina Express"in the Bosnian War. On the old American diesel locomotive JZ664-013 (General Motors EMD G26), armor plates of 25 mm were welded, in some places reinforced with a thick layer of rubber, crushed stone. The armored train operated on the tracks laid in the mountain range in the vicinity of the city of Knin, and became the most important element in the control of these territories.
What is the advantage of an armored train?Of course, in the fact that an unrealistically large amount of weapons and ammunition for them can be crammed onto the platform. The number of armored cars increased with combat success (there were a lot of them). At the height of the war, it was a mobile fortress equipped with anti-aircraft guns, the Malyutka ATGM (these were put on the Soviet BMP-1) and the ZiS-3 cannon. And for close combat - machine guns, and of three different types: heavy Brownings M-2, M-84 (copy of PKM) and M-53 (local version of MG-42).
An American Hellcat self-propelled gun was mounted on one of the cars (apparently, in a state of "not on the move").
But the most successful operation of the armored train was different. The Bosnians very successfully targeted the Serbian positions with their multiple launch rocket systems, and this had to be ended immediately.
The Serbs discovered that their opponents were usingan abandoned tunnel in the mountains for an ammunition depot is an entire storage base, and almost invulnerable. "Kraina Express" was equipped with a suicide car at the front, stuffed with explosives:
1) calculated the time of the fuse cord
2) dispersed
3) unhooked ...
As a result, the entire base and its staff came"predictable outcome". But with the start of a large Croatian offensive in 1995, known as "Operation Storm", the resistance of the Bosnian Serbs was broken, and the armored train was launched into the abyss, where it found its grave.
Well, about Syria and Ukraine?
And a little later to the masters of underground technologySyria and Ukraine joined. And if the Syrian militants had nowhere to go (to get to the houris, of course, they want to, but everything has its time), then the Ukrainians had questions. After the collapse of the USSR, the country received the most military equipment, and in addition, industrial complexes - thousands of units of everything and everything. But by the beginning of the war in the Donbass, it turned out that most of the equipment that was not sold or cut into metal was in complete disrepair.
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Acute shortage of engines, spare parts, opticsleft the Ukrainian infantry almost naked. Therefore, for the first time in Europe in the 2010s. industrial power fought like this something. And, frankly, at that time the ISIS were more handy. As a result, the industry at that time was not able to produce not only the equipment itself, but at least acceptable elements of the armored body kit.
To bore you with stupid (before funny, and nowsad) stories from the Internet about these shushpanzers will not. Surely there is something, but they are all extremely monotonous - battles began, you don’t want to die, a savvy man came up with something, and a hoba - the enemy put it in his pants out of surprise.
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General design principles
I think it's worth talking about the evaluation of this method of creating armored vehicles. Is it worth it at all?
- The first thing you should pay attention to is the quality of the metal. Armored vehicles are not made from anything, butuse special steel grades, that is, having a special chemical composition and physical properties. The armor plate must have a certain hardness, viscosity - therefore, alloying is carried out with the addition of manganese, nickel, chromium, molybdenum and other alloying metals.
On shushpantser, as a rule, steel is usedfor construction purposes, which is not only doubtful in terms of armor properties, but also of armored action - fragments of their own fragile and crumbling armor can serve as an additional striking element during an explosion and shelling by the enemy.
- Second. The basis of the design is civil transport. This means protection only from bullets (rather evenat the end), because it is almost impossible to armor the bottom and make it able to withstand the detonation of even a weak land mine. Modern MRAPs (here's Ukrainian, if you're curious what it is) with good mine resistance have a special "high" suspension and sealed armor at an angle that dissipates the explosion. Almost any shushpanzer in similar conditions will sweep like a house of cards.
MRAPs
- The third point follows from the first two -nothing for the crew. Let's not talk about safety seats, in such cars it is difficult to think over even evacuation (although it is rarely useful for the crews of such cars).
Well, in the light of the trends of modern armored vehicles withreduced radar visibility, thermal imaging channels, active protection systems and other things, no improvised armored vehicles are suitable for combat operations.
Accordingly, it is logical to use this weapon only against similarly equipped beggars. Otherwise, it will not even delay, but rather accelerate the death of the crew.
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